Percepção do enfermeiro acerca da humanização da assistência em unidade de terapia intensiva adulto

Abstract

The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a sector of fundamental importance for reestablishing the health conditions of critically ill people, increasing the probability of their survival. The intensive care nurse, allied to the technological apparatus, needs technical and scientific knowledge to perform their functions with agility and smartness. In addition, it plays a key role in providing humanized care to hospitalized patients. Humanizing the ICU means caring for the patient in all dimensions, encompassing their family and social context, respecting beliefs and values. This study aims to identify scientific evidence about the humanization of nursing care in an Adult Intensive Care Unit. This is a study with a qualitative approach, where an integrative literature review was adopted, based on Mendes, Silveira and Galvão (2008). The survey of the studies took place in July 2021, on the electronic portal: Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library (VHL). The analysis technique used for data treatment was thematic analysis (MINAYO, 2014), which originated three categories: Humanization of ICU care and its magnitude; Challenges in the Humanization of ICU Care; Perspectives that contribute to the Humanization of ICU Care. The results showed that, for the professional nurse, the humanization of care is carried out through holistic care, paying attention to all dimensions of the being, ranging from the handling of equipment to the execution of a technique for the patient. Despite recognizing the importance of humanizing, the profile of the ICU sometimes interferes with its effectiveness. Some aspects are involved, such as the mechanization of care, work overload, physical structure and lack of professional appreciation and recognition. There are factors that contribute to humanization in the ICU environment, such as teamwork, communication, affinity for the sector, routine activities and positive results in the patient's recovery. The research was of paramount importance for personal growth and knowledge for future professional practice. There is a need to expand discussions about the humanization of care in the ICU, as there are still obstacles to its implementation. Therefore, it is pertinent that hospital institutions promote possibilities for healthy and humanized work relationships, with management practices that follow the National Humanization Policy (PNH). It is expected that the results will positively contribute to reflections on the topic studied and thus, new forms of patient care, based on ethical and human care, will be rethought. It is suggested that further studies be carried out to expand information and knowledge on such a relevant subject.