Transtornos mentais em profissionais de enfermagem durante a pandemia de COVID-19: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

At the end of the year 2019, four people were admitted to a hospital in Wuhan, China with pneumonia, by one appointed by the World Health Organization (WHO) on February 11, 2020 as SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19, a disease caused by the virus, quickly constituted a Public Health Emergency of International Importance on January 30, 2020. With the pandemic, several questions and concerns emerged regarding the mortality of the disease, worsening of preexisting problems, professionals health workers were extremely affected by the disease in several respects. The aim of this study is to know which mental disorders, determined by Covid-19, occur among nursing professionals. This is an integrative literature review using the PICo strategy, carried out from the Virtual Health Library (VHL) and National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health (PubMed) databases, through the free access of the library of the Integrated Regional University of Alto Uruguai e das Missões (URI) CAPES portal, on August 11, 2021. The studies went through a classification process for inclusion in which, at the end of the process, 79 studies were selected and later categorized by year of publication, country of origin and themes. In 2020, 31.6% of the articles were published and 54 (68.4%) in 2021, of which the majority (35.4%) were written in China. Regarding the most frequent themes, 80% of the published studies addressed more than one health condition among nursing professionals. The most studied mental problems and disorders were Burnout Syndrome, followed by Depression, Anxiety, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Insomnia, emotional intelligence, resilience and working conditions. Thus, this study demonstrated the importance of addressing and researching these themes among professionals. The results show that nursing teams, especially those working on the front lines, are extremely sick as a result of the pandemic. These results deal with short term consequences, it is not yet possible to assess the medium and long term consequences. It is necessary to think about prevention and care actions for these professionals, in order to alleviate the impacts of the pandemic on health and quality of life. This context made the importance of nursing clear to society and reinforces the need to value this professional class.