Competências dos enfermeiros que atuam em unidade de terapia intensiva adulto

Abstract

The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a hospital space with high-tech and complex equipment, providing care to critically and / or potentially critically ill patients who need to be continuously monitored for 24 hours. The professional nurse working in the ICU must be in constant professional development, mastering cognitive and psychomotor functions, and remain in perfect harmony with all the skills needed to work in Intensive Care. This study aims to know the specific skills of nurses working in an adult ICU. And as specific objectives: (i) Identify management skills and leadership in nursing work, from the perception of nurses working in an adult ICU, and (ii) know the potentialities and weaknesses in the performance of nurses in adult ICU. This is a descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach, developed with a nurse manager and four assistance nurses who work in the ICU-General of a public hospital under private law of a municipality located in the northern region of Rio Grande do Sul / LOL. Data collection began after approval by the Ethics and Research Committee (CEP) under opinion 3,551,479. The interviews were conducted individually, in September and October 2019, through a semi-structured script with the help of a voice recorder. From the data analysis, with the thematic analysis technique, four categories originated: Nursing Leadership in the Intensive Care Unit; Nurse's Roles in ICU Management; The ICU Nursing Process and Potentiality and Fragility in the performance of the ICU Nurse. The results showed that ICU leadership skills are essential for the team work to develop properly. In relation to all the attributions and management competencies that nurses are responsible for in the ICU, the importance of adequate qualification should be highlighted, which should mobilize specific professional competences, combining technical-scientific knowledge, mastery of technology, humanization, empathy and individualization. care, which allows for a better quality of care. The nursing process showed how the ICU practice becomes effective, and the contributions to the organization and systematization of nursing care, in which it needs acceptance and the practice of professionals. The potentials in the ICU are related to professional gratification, while weaknesses are associated with coping with premature deaths of young patients. It is believed that the results obtained in this study may contribute to the development of the skills of nurses working in the ICU and thus create and aggregate reflections for the strengthening and empowerment of nursing in intensive care.