Fortalezas e fragilidades no processo de aleitamento materno: uma revisão integrativa de literatura

Abstract

Introduction: For all stages of life, breastfeeding is essential, in addition to providing food, it is from this source that children obtain energy in their first contact with life. Breastfeeding is a process of dynamic interaction between mother and child, in which the environment, the relationships between the woman and the child, spouse, family, society interfere in a way that contributes or not to achieving the benefits of breast milk. All scientific evidence proves the superiority of breastfeeding as the best diet for children up to six months. It is believed that knowing the health needs, fragility and strengths of primiparous women can help strengthen and continue EBF by bringing the nurse and the health team together for the child's good development. General objective: To understand the strengths and weaknesses that influenced the breastfeeding process in studies published in the last five years. Specific objectives: Identify the sociodemographic characteristics of the women participating in the studies; Describe the characteristics of pregnancy and childbirth of women participating in the studies; Describe the instruments and methods for collecting data from studies; Report the health needs of postpartum women for successful breastfeeding Methodology: It was an integrative literature review carried out in the Virtual Health Library and PUBMED databases from August to October 2024. The PICo strategy P: Postpartum and Newborn, I: Breastfeeding and as a strategy was used search “Postpartum Period” OR “Postpartum Women” AND “Breastfeeding”, in the VHL. In PUBMED Postpartum Period AND Breast Feeding. Results: 11 studies were identified, including eight published in Brazil and three in other countries. In relation to the objectives, the articles sought to analyze breastfeeding self-efficacy, the conditioning factors for breastfeeding, understand the woman's experience regarding the continuity of postpartum care, as well as understand the experiences regarding the breastfeeding process of primiparous women. It can be observed that the women participating in the research had higher education, some even higher education. It was also evident that the majority of studies used quantitative methodology through scales, instruments developed by the researchers themselves and semi-structured interviews during home visits. Final considerations: It is believed that it is increasingly important to know the needs of postpartum women for successful breastfeeding, but it is also important that health professionals recognize the care actions carried out by postpartum women and their support network, encouraging continuity of breastfeeding. Nursing work is crucial for the effectiveness of EBF, nursing consultations and home visits can contribute to the continuity of breastfeeding.